Under Constuction, thank you for your patience.

Acu-Stimulation Practitioners
Skills Training Manual
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Part One: Theory & Research
Introduction page 3
History & Background Page 4
Biophysical Page 7
Biochemical Page 9
Evidence Page 10
Aims and Objectives Page 23
Equipment Page 25
Part Two: Medical Intervention
Contra-indications Page 29
Nervous System Page 32
Neurotransmitters Page 44
Drugs Page 45
Pulse Frequencies Page 48
Part Three: Practice
Locating Key Points Page 51
Auricular Stimulation Points Page 52
Acu-points of the Ear. T.C.M. Page 53
Acu-Stim Treatment Points Page 54
Master Acupuncture Points Page 58
Standard Treatment Protocol Page 62
Black Box Controls Page 63
Quick reference guide Page 77
Part Four: Reflections & References
Definitions Page 79
Don't Give up Giving up Page 84
References Page 88
Bibliography Page 95
Assessment Form Page 96
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INTRODUCTION
This manual is for use, in conjunction with the Acu-Stimulation practitioners
skills training and treatment ( Acu-Stim) provided by Street
Talk. SMST. (Registered as ‘A Safer Way to Beat Drug Dependence’
Training Program).
Accredited and Approved for, Street Talk Substance Misuse Services Training Manchester, and Piper (Peer Intervention Project for Education & Research 2004) who came under the umbrella
of Bolton Salford & Trafford, NHS, Mental Health Trust.
The choice of a Drug Free scientific treatment protocol and set of rules, implemented
by Street Talk’s Acu-Stimulation Treatment Regime, would be beneficial
if made available on a par with other mainstream accepted treatments. Treatments
such as methadone drug treatment, anti depressant drug treatments
and other pharmacological treatments.
At the time of writing, Electro therapeutic interventions such as ‘Acu-Stim’
still had many myths and misconceptions, attached to their use and ultimate
benefits.
Acu-Stim works, (see evidence based treatments) and can be used safely and
efficiently, as a primary treatment, for drug withdrawal symptoms from
chemical dependence, use, or misuse. As well as being complimentary to traditional
drug treatment interventions.
By offering individuals this form of non-invasive drug treatment intervention,
in conjunction with other accepted drug treatments, it opens the door
to a fully integrated care pathway.
Thereby, producing greater opportunities for people to either abstain from,
or reduce their drug use, chemical dependency, or addiction, now or in the
future. This also helps dissolve some
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of the stigma and prejudice attached to treatments termed, ‘Alternative, or Complimentary
Therapy ’.
Complimentary therapies are sometimes classed as secondary, or as ‘something you
need to believe in’ with only anecdotal evidence; so called ‘un-scientific’. (See footnote
# 1 below)
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
The use of ‘complimentary’ medicine for the treatment of drug addiction, mental
health/emotional well-being and pain has been around for over 5000 years that we
know of, (See footnote #2) even before Chinese acupuncturists stimulated points on
the body to improve balance and harmony between the spiritual and the physical.
Figure 1. Electric Fish
Curtsinger. W. R. (2002)
Acu-Stimulation Treatment has the advantages of current developments in healing
technology, in addition to providing a total life enhancing methodology akin to
Ayurvedic medicine.
1.  Scientific / Fact / Evidence / It either works or it does not. This form of treatment is used by Veterinary
surgeons for ailments on animals who obviously do not have to ‘believe’ it works, it just works.
2. Electro stimulation of the body has been used previously, by the ancient Egyptians for therapeutic purposes, as can be seen
from stone carvings dating back to the 5th Dynasty circa 2700.B.C. depicting an electric fish being used to treat pain.
Kellaway (1946). Also see Figure 1. ‘An Electric fish’
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Ayurveda, "The Science of Life", is a totally holistic and natural healing
healthcare system developed in India more than 5000 years ago. The
principles and practices of Ayurveda have been used and preserved over the
millennia. Ayurveda teaches a comprehensive method of healing,
detoxification and rejuvenation (See Footnote #3).
An ancient healer and philosopher , Socrates (470-399. B.C.) inferred “It’s no
good healing the eyes without healing the head and it’s no good healing the head without
healing the body,” or in other words the brain without the mind.
Today, it’s E.A. (Electro-Acupuncture) techniques that are at the cutting edge
of healing technology. As we move into the third millennia, the term Acupuncture
is used to describe many different techniques, such as Electro Acupuncture,
Acupressure, Auricular Acupuncture, etc…
The needle-less acupuncture this manual is concerned with known as Acu-
Stimulation, also has many names for the same form of treatment, such as:
1. ‘Black Box’
2. ALTENS (Acupuncture Like Trans-coetaneous Electrical Nerve
Stimulation)
ALTENS and TENS, which simply consists of applying micro current
to the surface of the skin.
3. CES (Cerebral Electro Stimulation)
4. NET (Neuro Electric Therapy)
5. EST Electro Stimulation Therapy, not to be confused with ECT
(Electro Convulsive Therapy), which can cause brain damage and fits to
occur. i.e. Convulsions, produced by applying excessively high current
and voltage that eventually burn out brain cells.
3. Please visit http://www.lotusfair.com/ayurveda.htm for a full explanation of Ayurveda.
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For the purpose of this manual the term Acu-Stimulation (Acu-Stim for short),
is used to describe the methodology and protocol (the way things are done)
with this form of treatment.
Acu-Stim is a safe and simple form of treatment used in many areas of medicine.,
whereby tiny electrical pulses, that feel similar to a pleasant tingling sensation,
are passed through the body via the natural Acu-point system.
Firstly, by applying gentle stimulation via a probe to specific acupuncture
points on the ear.
Secondly, by applying a specific pulse speed for 30 minutes, delivered through
self adhesive pads (electrodes) which are placed on master acupuncture
points on the body.
Acu-Stim is a combination of the best principals of T.C.M. (Traditional Chinese
Medicine) This is coupled with the scientifically tested benefits of the
Western medical practice of T.E.N.S. In short, we have the benefits of the
“healing wisdom of the ages” combined with modern technology.
By applying Acu-Stim to ‘acu’ points that are situated on electrical pathways
or channels, (these are the same energy lines that cover the whole body)
called meridians as (See Figure #2 next page) used by traditional Chinese
acupuncturists.
Two main principals of healing take place, these are Biophysical and
Biochemical. This will now be discussed from a combination of a T.C.M. and
Neuropsychological perspective.
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BIO-PHYSICALLY
Blocked electrical pathways, meridians or acupuncture points are balanced,
according to a T.C.M. viewpoint. Therefore, restoring them to optimum
conductivity, while at the same time having a profound (deep healing) effect,
on the corresponding organ, muscle, tissue and or area of the body or mind,
to which the acupuncture point or meridian is associated.
There are twelve paired meridians, half on the right side of the body and
half on the left, as well as two mid-line meridians. Robert T. Story (1995)
gives an excellent summary of recent research in which these channels have
been delineated with radioactive tracings. This gives some basic idea as to
how these interact with the neuronal system in the body.
Figure 2. Meridians
The effect of stimulating Acu-Points with the Acu-Probe is similar to; “The
initial response experienced with needle piercing termed ‘De Qi”.
(Pronounced Dee chee)
Neuro-psychologically, this occurs with stimulation of the primary sensory
nerve terminal inside a muscle.
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Which in turn sends a message to the spinal chord, midbrain and cortex.
When this reaches the hypothalamus (part of the Limbic system inside the
brain) it induces the release of Adreno-Corticotropic Hormone.” (Stux &
Pomerance 1989) also known as anti stress hormone (A.C.T.H) for short.
Auricular Stimulation with the Acu-Stim ‘probe’ also induces this effect,
simultaneously triggering the release of endorphins.
Figure 3. Brain Messages
Figure 4.
Auricular Stimulation
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BIO-CHEMICALLY
During the second half of the treatment, the pulsed frequency (speed or cycles
per second) alone stimulates the production of natural chemicals/
neuropeptides (neurotransmitters /electro-chemical messengers) in the brain,
spinal chord and large intestine.
The triggering of these neuro-chemicals through Acu-Stim may also help the
re-growth of neurons and subsequently new receptor sites. Robert O. Becker
(1985a) (See Footnote #4) wrote about the very intricate and involved scientific
investigations that led to the use in the 1980’s of electrical stimulation to
stimulate healing in broken bones.
Depending on the pulse frequency or speed, i.e. number of pulses per second,
(measured in: Hz/ Hertz) this will either stimulate the production of
Serotonin and/or Dopamine and/or Endorphins, having a beneficial effect
on the whole psycho-immune-endocrine system and subsequent behaviors.
According to Levinthall:
“Their drug taking behaviors might, in part, be compensation for an inadequate
number of dopamine receptors necessary to experience pleasurable
feelings without drugs” ( Levinthall. C.F. 2002, Ch3, p71)
4. Becker began his research in an effort to understand bone re-growth in fractures. He did this by studying the
regeneration process in salamanders. In an earlier study in 1909, an American researcher named Owen E. Frazee
found that if he passed electrical currents through the aquarium water in which larval salamanders lived he could
speed up their limb regeneration process. (Becker, Robert O.1985b. . Pp. 74-75)
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Evidenced based research.
EVIDENCED BASED RESEARCH
In an experiment, Hans et al (1991) used serial samples of cerebral spinal
fluid taken from human volunteers, and found that different kinds of neuropeptides
(brain chemicals) can be released into the central nervous system.
This effect was produced by simply changing the pulsed frequency or speed
of electrical stimulation.
Support for this also comes from earlier studies by Wang et al (1922) using
TENS needle-less acupuncture at all frequencies to produce an ‘Acupuncture
effect’ after a specific time.
According to research the optimum length of time for each pulsed treatment
of Acu-Stim. is 30 minutes. This is due to the fact that “after this time the
production of neurotransmitters begins to be used up”. Robinson (1999)
It is also more beneficial to have a number of treatments timed for half an
hour each. This Allows the treatment time to work, and gives the body’s
own system time to adjust, as well as balance itself naturally. Equilibrium or
Homeostasis can thus be reached naturally.
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DRUG ADDICTION/CHEMICAL DEPENDANCE
A Bio-Psycho-Social Model
This model will first be explained in biological/physiological terms, and then
in psychological and sociological terms.
Physiologically/Biologically
Chemical dependency in biological terms, at the micro level of explanation,
is at the neuron and its synapse. For example, when substances such as Heroin
or Cocaine cross the blood brain barrier., receptors, neurons and neurotransmitters
in the Central Nervous System can become dysfunctional.
It has been shown that the neuronal system becomes damaged and depleted
during drug use, which leads to a dependency on the drug to feel and function
‘normally’. With neuronal system damage, messages in the brain will not
be properly delivered. Therefore, when the drug is removed the body goes
into withdrawal and the brain thinks it is going to die without the drug of it’s
choice.
Another physical/biological model or explanation for drug addiction/
dependency is a genetic one. As proposed by Malim & Birch (1998) who say
it is because of “A genetic predisposition or lack of naturally occurring pain
relieving endorphins…”
Endorphins, form part of a group of neuropeptides, often referred to as
endogenous opiates, which literally mean ‘The morphine within’.
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Physiologically/Biologically con’d
Endorphins have also been linked to cognitive function such as, memory
and learning, sexual activity, control of body temperature, regulation of hormones,
mental health issues such as depression and schizophrenia.
As a result of this fact, there is also a case for dopamine and serotonin depletion
or neuronal receptor dysfunction. Therefore, contributing to chemical
depressions, the bipolar disorders, as well as other associated illnesses. These
Illnesses may include, O.C.D. (Obsessive Compulsive Disorders). A.D.H.D.
(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). psychomotor disorders, such as
Parkinson’s disease and other mental and physical health problems, including
chemical dependency disorder (DSM-IV Substance Dependence Criteria) (See
footnote #5)
In other words ‘ It’s a brain function problem’. (Erickson. C. 2004) and ought
to be treated as such. Therefore, regardless of the illnesses’ category, every
individual deserves the same non-prejudicial treatment and human rights as
is typically associated with traditional medical diseases such as, diabetes or
cancer.
The criteria for substance misuse and dependency can be found in the
D.S.M.IV (1994) (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4. Axis 1. Diagnoses &
Codes) written by the American Psychiatric Association. Similar criteria can
be found in the I.C.D. 10 (International Criteria for Diseases) written by the
World Health Organization.
5. Substance Dependence Criteria: 3 out of a list of 7 items occurring within a 12-month period, e.g.
Large amounts of substance taken, Persistent unsuccessful control over use, Great deal of time spent obtaining,
using or recovering from substance, Important activities ceased, Continued use despite physical or psychological problems.
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Psychologically and Sociologically
The environment and social factors play a big part in the acquiring of, maintenance
and recovery from substance misuse or dependence.
Evidenced Based Research
In Alexander et al (1978) experiment, two groups of rats were studied. One
group was kept in isolated, cramped conditions and another group was kept
in pleasant, roomy surroundings while allowed to socialize with other rats.
Both groups were given the same liquid solution of morphine and water, until
they became habituated/tolerant. After a series of trials it was found that
the rats kept in isolation drank significantly more of the morphine solution
than the rats kept in a pleasant social environment, when given a choice.
In that study it was only rats, but this still demonstrates that the process of
dependency can be heavily influenced by social and environmental factors.
Whereby, ‘Behaviour is the function of the Personality, interacting with the
Environment’. (a theory from Lewin K. 1946, 1951)
Theories such as Bandura’s (1977, 1986) Social Cognitive Theory and Social
Learning Theory, also define human behavior as a three way interaction between
personal factors, behavior and the environment. That in turn impinges
psychologically on thought and decision-making processes, leading to
a change in behavior.
Staying with this theme, “Where substance use is concerned, social learning
theory suggests that we are instructed in cultural norms, and model the behaviour
of parents and peers” (McMurran, M, p42, (1994)
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Psychologically and Sociologically cont’d
For a deeper understanding of this subject, other studies, books and research
articles in and around Neuro, Bio, and Social Psychology, are suggested reading
in conjunction with this manual. Thereby providing further supporting
evidence. Some other suggested areas for further study and research are:
Physical, sexual and psychological abuse, mental illness, co-morbidity i.e. duel
diagnosis; human degradation, environmental, social and educational poverty.
All of the above can be seen to correlate with crime, drug use and misuse, as
well as addiction/substance misuse or chemical dependency.
Good scientific research from George Koob (2004) supports a Neuro
Psychological (biological) perspective. Or Neurological explanation of Substance
misuse.
A Multi Perspective Approach
From a humanistic point of view, social experience, emotion and choice,
with their subsequent consequences, will effect our decisions, our reactions
and how we see the world. However, this does not always take into
consideration how this might affect our biological, physical and psychological
reactions to particular situations, influences and environments. Whereas, an
holistic approach of treating the Brain, Mind and Body with Acu-Stim, to
bring about relaxation and homeostasis, as well as healing physiologically.
While simultaneously, in a safe therapeutic environment, with a suitably
trained practitioner, various psychosocial interventions and/or counselling
can be carried out to help provide choices, that may induce/influence healing
psychologically.
(N.B. Psychosocial interventions should be carried out by trained and qualified
personnel as per N.T.A (2006) Models of Care).
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‘Most importantly, taking into consideration the unique biological, psychological,
socio-economic and environmental conditions each individual, i.e.
both therapist and patient, brings with them into the hopefully ‘therapeutic’
environment’.
One such application of a ‘therapeutic environment’ carried out in a hospital,
where a randomized double-blind study, by Gariti et al (1992) using (N.E.T)
Neuro-Electric Therapy, in opiate and cocaine detoxification was successfully
applied. Scores on scales for measuring substance withdrawal syndrome and
craving for each substance, as well as mood were recorded. A comfortable
detoxification was reported, with relief from physiological and psychological
withdrawal symptoms. This was without the need to use other substitute
drugs and or medications; when abstaining fully, from the use of illicit and
licit drugs i.e. ‘Cold Turkey’ style.
However, a so called ‘placebo’ was also used, which by definition is a
substance with no therapeutic effect. Placebos are most often used as a
control when testing new drugs or as a blank sample in a test.
This brings to mind a question ‘When is a placebo not a placebo’? The answer
being, ‘when it works’.
In the case of Gariti et al (1992) the ‘placebo’ that was used in their study
was the administering of 0.2 milliamps of current, which could have still induced
relaxation and a therapeutic effect via electrical stimulation.
Electrical stimulation, known as Acu-Stim, is a scientific form of non invasive
acupoints stimulation with a body of evidenced based research to support it.
With Acu-Stim treatment’s revival in 2004, there are plenty of other opportunities
for more stringent clinical trials in the future.
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At this time, there is a current, and subsequent future need, to address the
growing number of individuals involved in substance misuse and dependency
world wide. Drug services throughout the United Kingdom are currently
aware that stimulant abuse (e.g. ‘crack cocaine’ and now ‘Chrystal
meth’/ methamphetamines) as well as other socially acceptable drugs such as
alcohol, can lead to crime and dysfunctional behaviour affecting society as a
whole.
Furthermore, there is a scarce availability of a viable substance withdrawal
treatment, without substituting one drug for another from the range of prescribed
drugs on offer.
That is, to treat either central nervous system stimulant or depressant withdrawal
symptoms.
Therefore, Acu-Stim. can become a valuable tool for service users and service
providers as an aid to help ease the current dilemma.
Since 2000 Acu-Stim has been used to treat hundreds of individuals who were
at various stages in their recovery. The majority were using or had used extensively,
a wide range of street and prescribed drugs; including multiple
combinations of stimulants, opiates and alcohol, benzodiazepines, and a full
range of antidepressants and antipsychotic/neuroleptic drugs, such as chlorpromazine
(Largactol) and lithium to name only a few. Further study is
needed to isolate any specific effects of each individual drug, but as far as
this treatment is concerned it is not deemed to be a confounding variable.
The emphasis being on the perceived psychological and physical symptoms
of craving for the drug of their choice. And subsequent behavioural changes.
One of the aims of this manual and training is to show a viable and safe alternative
for the treatment of addiction/dependency, other than prescribing
controlled drugs. Which bring with them their own side effects and complications;
both medically and legally.
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Clinical reports published in the 1970’s and 1980’s on electro acupuncture by
Wen and Cheung (1973), Wen (1977) and Wen et al (1980) offer support for
this complimentary treatment for drug addictions/chemical dependency,
even though, Wen’ (1977) study also uses an opiate blocker in combination
with electro acupuncture to ‘provide a faster de-tox’.
Further research uncovering similar findings as Wen et al, by Gomez & Mikhail
(1978) on methadone withdrawal, was more experimental in its design
than Wen et al discussed previously, by providing a control group.
However, other researchers will always manage to find flaws in any type of
study especially, if it does not fit the ‘experimental design’ that happens to be
in “vogue” at the time.
This fact does not negate current and past evidence suggesting that all different
forms of Acu-Stim/electrical stimulation therapies are valid and reliable,
for the treatment of drug related illness and withdrawal. Acu-Stim offers an
option which could be preferable to substituting, one drug/pharmacological
substance for another with all the subsequent complications of habituation,
tolerance, and dependence on another substance.
Alternatively, it could be and has been possible to offer Acu-Stim to a medically
diagnosed or fully comprehensively assessed individual in treatment, the
choice to reduce or maintain their; substance use/addiction /impulse control
or compulsive disorder/chemical dependency. Regardless of the term, or
drug used, which happens to be popular at the time. Consequently, this will
leave the door open for further intervention, in an effort to encourage clients
positively along the cycle of change within the care continuum. (Prochaska &
Di Clemente 1992).
Furthermore, Cerebral Electro Stimulation, (C.E.S) a similar treatment to
Acu-Stim, compliments the same theory within the care continuum paradigm
and ‘Models of Care’ laid down by the National Treatment Agency, NTA
(2002), NTA (2004) & Department of Health. (2002).
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C.E.S. trade name “Alpha-Stim is intended to gently prod the various neurohormonal
systems back into their pre-stress homeostatic relationships. Once
that has been accomplished, C.E.S. ceases to have an effect. No patient to
date has shown habituation, much less an addiction to or on C.E.S. upon
clinical follow up of from one year to twenty months post prescription.”
(Kirsch 1999), Therefore, no tolerance or dependence is produced.
C.E.S works via small electrical pulses on very similar principles to Acu-Stim.
Moreover, with published claims of reducing the occurrence of anxiety and
insomnia associated with chemical dependency/substance misuse, that are
frequently present in the early stages of recovery and are a common precursor
to relapse.
Brovar (1984) also used a similar form of treatment in a study looking at the
detoxification of cocaine users who qualified for D.S.M. III diagnosis, 100%
completed detoxification with no side effects reported.
Important research, in the 1970’s and 1980’s, from Patterson (1974, 1979
and 1980), Patterson, Frith and Gardiner, (1984) in addition to numerous
other studies, provide us with evidence to support the efficacy of electro
therapy including research with the new ‘Black Box’. (given its name by rock
group performers, ‘The Who’ and others 1983) Scientifically, known as
N.E.T. (Neuro-Electric Therapy) was the ‘Brain Child’ of Dr Meg Patterson.
This was used as a successful treatment device for drug/alcohol addiction
and withdrawal to date. Despite the evidence and rave reviews from famous
performing artists, who had been able to give up a whole range of highly addicting/
dependence producing drugs; through Acu-Stim like treatments from
Patterson’s Black Box, her research was not taken seriously. In addition Patterson’s
work was “put down” and rejected for not fitting current experimental
design and political agendas or requirements, in vogue at the time.
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After Dr. Patterson’s death, other individuals continue to attack her work.
“The work she published was mainly anecdotal with no rigorous testing of
any of the experimental parameters for treatment, which seemed to have
been used on an ad hoc basis where little reliable follow up data was
presented” Flowerdew (1998)
To counter that previous statement;
“Without people like her the field of bioelectric medicine would still be in
the dark ages”.
This all being in spite of the fact that Dr Patterson’s work on electrical parameters
was so extensive. In other words, she scientifically and methodically
tested what specifications and pulse criteria to use for the most efficient
treatment outcomes. Hence discovering what specific frequencies worked
most effectively during treatment for different drugs/chemicals.
Patterson also saw how intrinsically important after care was. She addressed
her patient’s psychological and spiritual needs with care and compassion,
which are critical in preventing relapse. Patterson’s work has opened the
door to all Acu-Stim practitioners and caring professions, inspiring the development
and implementation of this practical training course and manual.
In addition, the work by Coombs, Manley and Rosenberg (2001) with their
review on Cue therapy, must be acknowledged, as an adapted version of their
craving scales was put into practice in the Acu-stim evaluation procedure in
2001.
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Evaluation Procedure Used in 2001
The individual participants were asked to ‘think about how strong their craving
was for the drug of their choice”. This was based on a ‘Craving’ scale of
0 to 10. The question asked, can elicit or trigger a conditioned desire or programmed
craving, in a similar way that cues can. Cues such as seeing or
imagining different types of drugs, people or places; their associated paraphernalia,
or being in a situation or drug related environment, thus triggering
the same or similar psychophysical response, although not always as intense
as being in the situation for real.
Following the British Psychological Society’s ethical guidelines, this evaluation
was carried out in a safe, confidential environment, with the added benefits
of Acu-Stim, while the individuals wishes were considered to be paramount.
Working with individuals on a one to one, confidential basis, the
treatment can become a form Cognitive Therapy.
Cognitive therapy “is a system of psychotherapy that attempts to reduce
excessive emotional reactions and self-defeating behaviour by modifying the
faulty or erroneous thinking and maladaptive beliefs that underlie these
reactions”. (Beck et al. 1991, p. 10). Thereby, addressing the psychological
aspects of substance misuse, dependency, and withdrawal. When used in
conjunction with Acu-Stim, the physiological symptoms will also be addressed.
In effect, this treatment intervention empowers and enables
individuals to experience cravings and their reduction, while in a safe
environment repeatedly. Without performing the compulsion to use drugs
for relief, at the same time as promoting another available treatment option
that is client friendly, participant oriented or person centred. Eventually, with
regular treatments, individuals would discover how the cravings become less
intense as each session builds on the previous session.
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Each treatment session becomes part of the process of gradual extinction.
Similar to classical conditioning’s implosion therapy, Pavlov (1906) in conjunction
with a scientific method of speeding up healing through the production
of the correct balance of neurotransmitters.
For further so-called ‘scientific’ research to be carried out in the future it
would be helpful to include:
A non treatment control group, valid anxiety and or personality inventories,
D.S.M. and or the I.C.D. criteria for chemical dependence and or Obsessive
Compulsive Disorder, drug testing, heart rate and blood pressure monitoring,
E.E.G. (Electroencephalogram) brain wave state recorders, f.M.R.I. etc.
To remove the possibility of researcher, technical equipment, and participant
bias, a number of different researchers, along with different participant samples,
in different settings; using a variety of Acu-Stim devices could be used in
a double blind, matched pairs, longitudinal study, repeated many times with
the results compared and evaluated over time.
Although funding has always been a cause for disagreement, the long-term
benefits of providing a valuable, scientifically tested, drug free treatment intervention
such as Acu-Stim. far outweigh any initial costs. “£ 1.00 spent on
treatment saves £ 9.00 in criminal justice costs.” (NTA 2006, Models of
Care)
Some benefits include, positively enhancing the bio-psycho-social, influences
on clients, leading to a ‘ripple or domino effect’ on wider societal levels, environmentally,
politically and economically. Through all systems from the micro
to the macro.
See diagram overleaf Figure 5. (Micro to Macro Systems)
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Figure 5. Micro to Macro Systems
H o u se o f L o rd s & W id er S o c ie ty
M a c ro S ys tem
Local Government & Wider Community
Exo System
Family & F riends, W ork & Neighbours
Meso System
A.S . P ractitioner’s & P rimary H ealth C are
M icro System
C lients, C lose friends
M ini-Micro sys tem
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The first aim of this manual and course is to raise awareness and good practice
of Acu-Stim as an aid to recovery from drug/chemical dependence. This
coupled with an objective to deliver an accredited course in Acu-Stim Practitioner
Skills for caring professionals, in line with the Royal College of Nursing
’s philosophy and reflective practice, as well as Community Psychology’s
action research paradigm.
This manual, when used in conjunction with practical training, provides
another tool for personnel employed within the field of substance misuse/
chemical dependency, emotional well-being and all health care professionals.
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EQUIPMENT
The equipment for electrical therapies, whether they come under the heading
of Acu-Stim, Electro Stimulation Therapy, Electro-Acupuncture or T.E.N.S.
etc… usually consists of a small box containing a battery and circuitry with a
small number of output sockets to which flexible pairs of leads/wires are
attached.
The two wires are attached to the body by various means with the individual
’s body completing the electrical circuit. Various attachments are available
for the application of the treatment, which include, ear clips, self-adhesive
pads or the probe itself. Depending on the complexity of the equipment,
there are various controls for the stimulation frequency/pulse speed, the intensity
(amplitude), the waveform (shape) and pulse width.
The content of this manual in conjunction with the training course can be
applied to all electrotherapy units.
The use of the pro tens /Black Box unit overleaf has been tried and tested,
providing good therapeutic outcomes and are covered by instruction of use
on the Acu-Stim course. Additionally this equipment has been approved by
Nidd Valley Medical LTD and Bolton Salford and Trafford Mental Health
NHS Trust, Complimentary Therapy Sub Committee, for use by practitioners
who have passed and completed the training from Street Talk SMST.
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EQUIPMENT
Technical Specifications
Acu-Stim /Black Box, PRO-TENS, Dual Channel TENS Stimulator
Power source – PP3 – 9-volt battery
Output current - 60Ma (max)
Output frequency – 2Hz – 150Hz fully adjustable
Wave shape - Asymmetrical Square
Polarity – Biphasic
Pulse width – 50 – 250 microseconds fully adjustable
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Figure 6. Black Box, Pro TENS. Being used for Pain Relief
 
Training and Practice
After the minimum amount of training received on the four day intensive
course, students will be equipped with enough information and practical
skills to begin delivering professional treatments for individuals.
Completion of the course should be viewed in the same light as passing a
driving test. That is to say, that upon certification it is the sole responsibility
of the newly trained practitioner to make certain they are adequately insured,
and that their equipment and working environment is up to a safe and ethical
standard.
Then it is down to the practical experience of the practitioner to evolve their
own technique through Practice, Action Research and Clinical Supervision.
While following approved protocols.
Page 27
A Basic Treatment Protocol
The treatment protocol below was carried out at the PIPER project, (Segal
2001) which provided individuals with a positive outcome in all cases:
Individuals were taken to a private room for a consultation with a fully
trained and experienced Acu-Stim Practitioner. Wherein confidentiality was
assured and explained, along with the contra-indications that apply to Acu-
Stim Treatment. The contra-indications were: No treatments may be given
to people who are pregnant, or who have a cardiac pacemaker. Other safety
points as listed on page 29, ‘contra-indications and warnings’, were also taken
into consideration.
1. The Acu Stim treatment and procedure was explained and an informational
leaflet was given.
2. Assurance of confidentiality was explained again and a consent form for
treatment was signed.
3. The individuals current physical and psychological state was assessed to
determine the most appropriate frequency of Acu Stim to administer and
which acupuncture points to use. (see assessment form at back of this
manual).
4. Ability to resist drug craving, assessed with two questions and marked on
to the appropriate scale.
5. The individual was asked to lie flat on their back on the treatment bed or
couch and asked to relax. 7-10 specific acupuncture points in one ear were
treated for about 30-60 seconds at each point. This is done using the
auricular probe with the unit set at 10 Hz pulse frequency, and at 200ms
microseconds pulse width, with a minimum intensity adjusted to sensory
perception to suit each individual.
Page 28
6. After the auricular treatment finished, the individual was asked to continue
to relax, while one pair of self adhesive electrodes were applied to one set of
master acupuncture points. (sp6, li4, or st36) The auricular clips were then
placed on the ear lobes corresponding to auricular acupuncture points on
each ear. The unit’s frequency was adjusted to suit the individual’s specific
needs e.g. between 100Hz and 2Hz while the intensity was adjusted to sensory
perception accordingly. The remainder of the pulsed Acu Stim treatment
was then timed for approximately 30 minutes.
7. A treatment record sheet was completed during this part of the treatment.
The unit was switched off and all electrodes are removed.
The Ability to resist drug craving was assessed again by asking the same two
questions and the results marked on the appropriate scale. All the scores
were tallied on to a raw score sheet.
8. The individual was given an opportunity to discuss how they are feeling,
ask any questions, and were made to feel welcome to book further sessions,
if they felt the treatment has been beneficial and/or if they enjoyed it.
Before leaving the therapy room, a 6 point advice leaflet, “A how to give up
drugs guide” and Street-Talk information sheets were given to them.
Page 29
CONTRAINDICATIONS AND WARNINGS
1. NOT TO BE USED ON INDIVIDUALS WITH AN INDWELLING
CARDIAC PACEMAKER OR RECENTLY DIAGNOSED HEART
PROBLEMS
2. NOT TO BE USED ON PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT
CONSULTING WITH AN APPROPRIATLEY EXPERIENCED DR,
WHO CAN GIVE WRITTEN CONSENT.
3. ELECTRODES / PADS SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED DIRECTLY
TO INFLAMED OR IRRITATED SKIN
4. ASSESS CLIENTS WHO MAY HAVE A COMPLEX MEDICAL
HISTORY AND REFER TO A QUALIFIED PRACTITIONER
5. OBTAIN REFERAL FROM PHYSICIAN/CONSULTANT IN
CHARGE OF CASE, WITH CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER AND
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
6. INDIVIDUALS WITH INDWELLING METAL PINS OR PLATES
MAY EXPERIENCE PAIN AT THESE SITES. CONSULT WITH
EXPERIENCED PRACTITIONER
7. DO NOT APPLY TO LEGS OF CLIENT WITH D.V.T.(DEEP VEIN
THROMBOSIS)- SEE ATTENDING PHYSICIAN
8. WHERE THERE IS A HISTORY OF EPILEPLY USE ONLY 2.5Hz
AND 10Hz (Robinson 1999)
‘If you suffer from epilepsy TENS should only be used under clinical
guidelines, particularly if you intend using low frequencies in the order of 6-
10Hz (pulses/second which may trigger a fit.’ (Tippey 2000)
Page 30
Contraindications and Warnings - con’t
In light of the previous conflicting suggestion (contraindication point 8),
the author suggests using 2. Hz modulation for stress and anxiety states in
combination with 100 Hz modulation for depressions and low mood or
apathy states.
However, it is still up to the individual Acu-Stim practitioner to make a clinical
judgement, whether it is safe to deliver a treatment or not.
At the very least, gentle stimulation of auricular points can be delivered
safely. Treat slowly and with care. e.g. Pausing after treating each point for 30
seconds.
It is reccomended that practitioners are aware of first aid procedures and
keep their (F.A.W.) First Aid at Work certificates up to date.
Page 31
How and Why This Treatment Works Biologically
This form of treatment works at the cellular level. i.e. At the level of the
neuron and synapse by effecting the electro-chemical exchanges between
neurons/brain cells.
Pulsed frequencies can be thought of as the language of neurons and individual
neurotransmitters the words used to communicate between one neuron/
cell and another. “The language of the brain is frequency”. Stubbs D.F.
(1976)
An understanding of Neuroscience, Psychology, Neurobiology, Biopsychology
and Neuropsychological theory, although not essential for a practitioner
of Acu-Stimulation, would be of great benefit to any therapist who takes their
work seriously.
Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.
Biopsychology is the sub area of psychology that takes a biological approach to
understanding behaviour. Bio psychologists study the biological events:
genetic, neural, and endocrine, that underlie or are influenced or triggered by
our thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Research in this area focuses on the relationship between brain and behaviour,
but often extends to physiological processes elsewhere in the body (e.g.
stomach, glands).
Therefore further reading in and around the subject is highly recommended.
Page 32
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
For the purpose of this manual and course program, an overview of the
nervous system and some of its various components follows in the next few
pages.
The nervous system is made up of neurons, which are divided into the
Central Nervous System, (C.N.S.) which are the brain and spinal chord. And
the Peripheral Nervous System, (P.N.S.) which are the nerves throughout the
body.
The P.N.S. is further divided into the somatic/voluntary nervous system,
(mainly muscles) and the autonomic/involuntary nervous system. (The ANS
for short)
The Autonomic Nervous System
The organs or “viscera” of our body, such as the heart, stomach and intestines
are regulated by a part of the nervous system called the Autonomic
nervous system (ANS).
The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system which controls many organs
and muscles throughout the body.
In most situations, we are unaware of the workings of the ANS because it
functions in an involuntary, reactive manner.
For example, we do not notice when blood vessels change size or when our
heart beats faster. However, some individuals may be trained to control certain
functions of the ANS such as heart rate, breathing or blood pressure.
Page 33
The ANS is most important in two situations:
1. In emergencies that cause stress and require us to
”fight” or take “flight” (run away)
And,
2. In non emergencies that allow us to “rest” and “digest”. (Sit down)
The ANS is divided into two parts:
• The sympathetic nervous system
And,
• The parasympathetic nervous system
The Sympathetic Nervous System
e.g. It’s a nice sunny day....you are taking a walk in the park.
Suddenly, an angry bear appears in your path.
Do you stay and fight OR do you turn and run away? These are “Fight or
Flight” responses.
In these types of situations, your sympathetic nervous system is called into
action - it uses energy - your blood pressure increases, your heart beats faster,
and digestion slows down.
The sympathetic nervous system originates in the spinal cord. Ganglion neuron
{A mass of nerve fiber’s} which are located in the thoracic and lumbar
spinal cord. Specifically, the cell bodies of the first neuron.
Page 34
Nervous System cont’d
Axons from these neurons project to a chain of ganglia located near the
spinal cord.
In most cases, this neuron makes a synapse (gap or invisible bridge) with another
neuron in the ganglion.
A few pre-ganglion neurons go to other ganglia outside of the sympathetic
chain and synapse there.
The post-ganglion neuron then projects to the “target” - either a muscle or a
gland.
Two more facts about the sympathetic nervous system:
The synapse in the sympathetic ganglion uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter;
the synapse of the post-ganglion neuron with the target organ uses
the neurotransmitter called nor-epinephrine.
There is one exception:
The sympathetic post-ganglion neuron that terminates on the sweat glands
uses acetylcholine.
Page 35
Figure 7
The Autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic
Page 36
The Parasympathetic Nervous System
It is a nice, sunny day... you are taking a nice walk in the park.
This time, however, you decide to relax in a comfortable chair that you have
brought along.
This calls for “Rest and Digest” responses.
Now is the time for the parasympathetic nervous to work to save energy -
your blood pressure decreases, your heart beats slower, and digestion can
start.
Notice in the picture on the last page, (Figure #7) that the cell bodies of the
parasympathetic nervous system are located in the spinal cord (sacral region)
and in the medulla.
In the medulla, the cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X form the pre-ganglionic
parasympathetic fibres. The pre-ganglionic fibre from the medulla or spinal
cord projects to ganglia very close to the target organ and makes a synapse.
This synapse uses the neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. From this ganglion,
the post-ganglionic neuron projects to the target organ and uses acetylcholine
again at its terminal.
Above the medulla, which is a part of the brain stem connected to the spinal
chord, is the control centre known as the ‘Brain’. The most important part
of the C.N.S. (Central nervous system) is the brain. This is where our
thoughts, feelings, memories and experiences; impinge and register via the 5,
or some would say 6, senses. Everything from the moment of conception
will have had an effect on the approximately 100 billion cells called neurons.
Page 37
The Mesolimbic dopamine pathway or reward pathway depicted below is where
psychoactive drugs bind to receptors, usually resulting in a pleasurable feeling.
Fig. 8. Brains Reward Centres
17
Page 38
The Neuron
The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system. Imagine the neuron at
any moment in time as either on or off, like a light switch. There is no intermediate
state. In the neuron the “on” state is accomplished by the generation
of an electrical change in its membrane referred to as its action potential,
or an electrical nerve impulse.
Just as the neuron forms the basic unit of the structure of the nervous
system, the action potential is the basic unit that forms the language of the
nervous system.
Figure 9 A Neuron
Page 39
The role of the neuron is to receive and transmit information. This is
achieved through its three principle components:
The Cell Body, The Dendrites and The Axon.
1.The Cell Body (Soma):
The Soma or Cell body comprises the bulk of the neuron, contains the nucleus,
and consists of the same elements as other cells in the body. What
makes the neuron unique are its appendages, extending out of the cell body.
Figure 10 The Dendrites
2.The Dendrites:
Up to 10,000 or more dendrites sprout from a typical cell and each dendrite
can receive input from a large number of neurons
Page 40
Figure 11 An Action Potential
Page 41
3.The Axon:
A long appendage that extends from the cell body, is the part that transmits
information outwards and is responsible for the neurons being “on” or “off ’.
The impulse (or action potential) begins in the cell body and travels down the
axon at roughly 270 miles an hour towards the terminal buttons called the
synaptic knob.
Figure 12 The Axon
Page 42
Each synaptic knob contains synaptic vesicles, which produce and store
millions of chemical molecules called neurotransmitters.
Without neurotransmitters, the action potential, upon arrival at the synaptic
knobs would sputter out like a wet fuse and the neurons would not be able to
function.
Instead, the action potential causes the release of the neurotransmitter molecules
out of the vesicle into the synaptic gap/cleft (Figure 12) and eventually
into special receptor sites in the membrane on the other side of the synapse.
These receptors have internal shapes that are designed to match the external
shape of the neurotransmitter, which allows for the two to fit closely together
and communicate in two ways:
A message to excite (turn “on” a neuron)
A message to inhibit (turn “off ’ a neuron)
The message communicated, depends on the specific neurotransmitter that is
present in the synapse.
Each neuron may have a thousand or more synaptic knobs each firing hundreds
of times every second. In order for the neurons to fire in quick succession,
the neurotransmitter cannot remain at the receptor sites for more
than a millisecond.
Once the neurotransmitter binds itself to the receptor, it gets expelled and
returns to the synaptic vesicles. Providing that the enzymes floating around
in the synaptic gap do not eat them.
Page 43
Figure 13
Neurotransmitters In Action
Page 44
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
1. Acetylcholine:
An excitatory neurotransmitter (“on”). It is released by axons both within
and outside the CNS and influences heart rate and learning.
2. Nor-epinephrine:
A neurotransmitter in the brain associated with arousal reactions and mood.
It influences sleep, appetite, blood pressure, heart rate, learning, memory, and
affective/mood disorders.
3. Dopamine:
A neurotransmitter in the brain associated with body movement. It influences
vision, motor control, appetite, euphoria and schizophrenia
4. Serotonin:
A neurotransmitter in the brain associated with regulation of sensory
perception, sleep and body temperature. Alterations in the proper
functioning of serotonin have been related to mental illness and drug
induced hallucinations.
5. Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid or GABA:
An inhibitory neurotransmitter. When the normal functioning of GABA is
disrupted at the synapses, convulsions may occur. GABA restrains brain activity
with a reduction of arousal, aggression and anxiety.
6. Endorphins:
A group of neurotransmitters known collectively as endorphins. They are
natural pain killers and display a remarkable resemblance to morphine. 
Page 45
When drugs get in the system
C.N.S. Stimulants
Cocaine:
Cocaine acts by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters, dopamine in
the brain. Keeping these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.
Amphetamines:
Amphetamines act differently than cocaine, because they cause an increased
release of dopamine (and to some extent other neurotransmitters such as
nor-epinephrine and serotonin).
The result is more dopamine in the synapse (like cocaine), but amphetamine
has a more complex pharmacology and works on slightly different brain areas,
its pharmacology being different from that of cocaine.
When either cocaine or amphetamines act on the pleasure pathway of the
brain (also known as the medial forebrain bundle. Figure 8), the result is a
pleasurable or euphoric feeling. When these drugs act on other parts of the
brain, other things happen, things such as increased muscle movement, jitteriness,
increased talkativeness, and even hallucinations.
Therefore, the part of the brain that is affected by the drug determines the
pharmacological actions and side effects, in spite of the fact that the drug
works on the same place on the cell in every part of the brain. Erickson. C.
(2005)
Page 46
Cocaine also effects the sympathetic division of the peripheral nervous system
by constricting blood vessels, dilating the pupils and causing fast and irregular
heartbeat. Amphetamine: As cocaine above but better at dopamine
synthesis according to some research, where as cocaine is better at blocking
re-uptake.
C.N.S. Depressants
Heroin:
The human body naturally produces its own opiate-like substances and uses
them as neurotransmitters. These substances include endorphins, enkephalins,
and dynorphin, often collectively known as endogenous opioids.
Endogenous opioids modulate our reactions to painful stimuli. They also
regulate vital functions such as hunger and thirst and are involved in mood
control, and the immune response.
The reason that opiates such as heroin and morphine affect us so powerfully
is that these exogenous substances (drugs that came from outside the body)
bind to the same receptors as our endogenous opioids.
( Drugs produced inside the body )
Heroin acts by binding to opiate receptors, and also stimulating the pleasure
system in the brain by decreasing G.A.B.A.
Page 47
Normally, GABA reduces the amount of dopamine released in the Nucleus
Accumbens. (see Figure 8) By inhibiting this inhibitor, the opiates ultimately
increase the amount of dopamine produced and the amount of pleasure felt.
Consequently, releasing dopamine through the mesolimbic dopamine
pathway.
Endorphins are stimulated, released and used up at receptor sites in the
brain, spinal chord and large intestine.
Alcohol: (C.N.S. depressant)
Alcohol passes directly from the digestive tract into the blood vessels. In
minutes, the blood transports the alcohol to all parts of the body.
Alcohol affects the brain’s neurons in several ways. It alters their membranes
as well as their ion channels, enzymes, and receptors. Alcohol also binds
directly to the receptors for acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, and the NMDA
receptors for glutamate. Alcohol acts on many receptor sites in the brain, e.g.
the reticular formation, the cerebellum, and the cortex etc. Also the spinal
chord and every organ in the body are affected.
Alcohol easily crosses the blood brain barrier because it is a small molecule
and already soluble in lipid (fat) and has an effect on all the main neurotransmitters
such as:
An increase in nor-epinephrine , G.A.B.A, beta-endorphin, and dopamine.
With a decrease in acetylcholine.
Page 48
PULSE FREQUENCIES
Altering Brain Function
All the above neurotransmitters are affected by various pulse frequencies.
Different research shows that different frequencies and pulses have been
used to bring about the same effect, e.g. in comparison studies of electro
stimulation in drug and alcohol detoxification. See: Patterson. M, Patterson.
L. Flood.V. Winston.J. & Patterson. S. (1993)
Where pulsed frequencies of 166kHz modulated by 100Hz were effective for
Heroin withdrawal, 70-80Hz for Alcohol and 90Hz for Methadone.
“One of the primary problems in structuring any electro-stimulation (ES)
study is that there are few established criteria in the work to date.”
Patterson et al. (1993)
The FDA reported in their 1974 commissioned study of trans-cranial ES that
"It is only rarely that one finds two studies based on precisely the same current
characteristics” and this still remains true.
Nonetheless, interest in ES as a therapeutic modality remains high, due to individual
reports of success in the treatment of such varied conditions as
soft (Lundeberg et al 1988) and hard (Bassett, et al, 1981) tissue healing. Nerve
regeneration (Politis, et al, 1988), epilepsy (Velasco, et al, 1987) and spasticity
treatment (Davis & Schulman 1987), and acute (VanderArk & McGraith 1975)
and chronic pain control. (Bates & Nathan 1980)
Page 49
The application of ES to the field of addiction (used trans-cranially and described
in its various forms as TCES, CES, TET, and NET) has been a direct
offshoot of the electro-analgesia practised in China (Peking Medical College,
1974) and (The electro-anaesthesia practised in Russia formally the Soviet Union
(Lebedev & Katznelson, 1988) and France (Limoge etal 1975) for the
past three decades.
Only since the discovery of the endorphins in 1975 (Kosterlitz & Hughes
1975) has the scientific bridge between the two areas of pain treatment and
addiction been established (Hughes 1976).
“Some of the current parameters and equipment used today to treat addictions
emerged from comparatively recent advances in the field of pain control, and
the confusion regarding the importance of specific parameters has come
with them.” ( Patterson et al 1993).
The previous protocol and frequency parameters differs to what has been
used successfully Since 2001 at Piper in Trafford SMS and prior to that since
the 1980’s in Liverpool by Drug Free.
Ultra low frequencies of 2Hz and 10Hz have provided positive results for
opiate withdrawal and a frequency window between 80Hz and 150Hz has
helped with stimulant withdrawal.
With the Manchester based Acu-Stim protocols, tt has always been found
that mixing ultra low frequencies of 2 Hz in the Delta range, with 100Hz has
a more profound effect on withdrawal symptoms from either stimulants or
opiates. This protocol also prevents any side effects such as headaches which
may rarely occur when applying only a single Lambda frequency of between
80Hz and 160Hz.
Page 50
To improve on this biochemical effect, and following research from the
Neuroscience Research Institute in China, an Acu-Stim protocol has been
developed using two mini black boxes.
One box set at 2 Hz Modulation and the other set at 100 Hz Modulation.
From the research already mentioned, stimulation at a single frequency,
whether low or high, would not be sufficient to trigger the full release of all
four kinds of opioid peptides (endorphins) together.
This model adapted from Ji-Sheng Han (2003) involves stimulation at:
Low (2 Hz) and high (100 Hz) frequencies, alternately ,
(referred to as ‘2/100’), and optimally spaced, so that the effect produced by
the low frequency stimulation can overlap with that produced by the high
frequency. Therefore, producing a combination, or synergistic effect.
This model has been tested carefully, Chen, X.H. et al. (1994), showing that
automatic shifting between low-and high-frequency stimulation for three seconds
each (i.e. 2/100 stimulation) did, indeed, produce a simultaneous activation
of the enkephalin and dynorphin systems, (Endorphins) inducing a
much more potent analgesic effect than that induced by a constant frequency
stimulation.
This combination of the latest research and theory in evidenced based
electrotherapy, and outcome based person centred practice, has led to the
treatment protocols used in the Acu-Stim Treatment and Training provided
by Street Talk Substance Misuse Services Training.
Page 51
LOCATING KEY POINTS
The Chinese discovered that an ailment anywhere on the body, can in many
cases be treated effectively and quickly by applying treatment to points on
the outer ear. Recent research has shown an apparent representation of
the body on the outer car, in an upside-down fashion. Nogier also mapped
the ear in the 1950’s from discovering by accident a point in the ear which
relieved sciatica.
Figure 14
Lower back, lumbar region
Figure 15
Page 52
AURICULAR STIMULATION POINTS
Figure 16
Shenmen
Sympathetic
Zero
Stomach
Lung
Li 4.
St 36
ACTH
Anger
Phobias
Jerome
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Page 54
AURICULAR STIMULATION POINTS
Page 55
List of Auricular Acupuncture Points
(Anti Stress Points)
1. Sympathetic - for conditions that are brought on or worsened by stress.
2. S.A.D. Point - Helps symptoms that are worsened by weather change.
3. Sleep-point or Jerome - promotes an improved sleep pattern.
4. Anti-fear point - for fears (including phobias), anxiety and paranoia.
5. Anger point - counteracts feelings of aggression, anger etc. Towards self,
including compulsion to commit violent acts.
6. St 36 - promotes relaxation. -Stomach cramps
7. Li. 4 - promotes relaxation, helps digestion and clears the head.
8. Shen-men point - promotes relaxation, regulates breathing and heart rate.
9. Endocrine point - improves hormonal stress response.
10. Navel or Zero point - Nervous tension & gut spasms
11. Upper Lung
12. Stomach
13. Liver
Page 56
After the Auricular treatment, the pulsed frequency treatment should follow
immediately for 30 minuets. Provided that an adequate psychological and
physical assessment has been taken. Noting which master acupuncture
points on the body to use and what frequencies to set the stimulation device
at, should already be known to the practitioner.
Because each person is individual and unique each treatment protocol should
be tailored to meet specific individual needs at that particular time. This is to
suit the individuals stage of drug use within the cycle of change and include
the treatment of any specific withdrawal symptoms. Standard treatment protocols
for opiate and stimulant withdrawal symptoms, are taught on the practical
course, and in the case of poly drug use and withdrawal a combination
of the two can be used.
Location of Master Body Acupuncture Points
There is a very simple, accurate unit of measurement used in acupuncture,
called the ‘CUN’. It is the width of the thumb joint - as shown in (Figure 18)
below. The width of the index finger is also used in conjunction with the
thumb; for example, 3 thumbs are equal to four fingers.
The measurements are always accurate for each individual. Obviously, it is
essential that the measurements are those of the person being treated.
Page 57
Figure 18
Cun’ = Thumb 1 Finger 3 Thumbs
Make your own ‘Body Ruler’ (See Figure 19 below)
One way to ensure that you measure points correctly, is to make a personal
‘Body Ruler’ This is a very simple process and whilst only taking a few minutes
to produce, will greatly increase the speed and accuracy with which you locate
your treatment points.
Take a piece of card and mark five fingers width along one edge - use the 1st
joint of the index finger for each measurement, as shown above - then mark
three thumb divisions along the end of the card and four along its side. Without
using a ruler, and with practice you will become familiar with Acu-Point location.
Figure 19
Page 58
MASTER ACUPUNCTURE POINTS
Figure 20
L.I.4. (Large Intestine four)
A relaxation point, good for any intestinal problems, (constipation or
diarrhoea) irritable bowl syndrome, and digestion. This is the source point
of the colon and good for clearing headaches and any type of pain.
Directly across from the
thumb joint.
On the side of the bone
Page 59
Figure 21
S36 (Stomach 36.)
This point is useful for agitated legs and stomach cramps, relaxation and any
stomach disorders/problems.
One finger’s width from the sharp
edge of the shin bone.
-1
-2
-3
Three
thumbs
down.
Tibia (shin) bone Fibula bone
Page 60
Figure 22
Sp 6 (Spleen 6.)
Four fingers up from the middle of the inside ankle bone, close to the sharp
edge of the tibia, shin bone.
This point is useful for calming the nervous system. Especially where there is
a sleep disturbance, combined with the Jerome point this protocol has been
successful in treating insomnia and also helps to regulate and normalize the
menstrual cycle in women.
Sp 6
On the back edge of
The tibia bone
Four fingers up from the
point of the ankle bone.
Page 61
Sp. 2 (Spleen 2) is another anti-stress point with an additional antidepressant
effect. It can be used with the self adhesive pads around and just
above the big toe joint. (Towards the body) This is situated on the outside
edge of the big toe, in a depression, level with the web of the toe. (use an
anti-depressant frequency of 80 to 160 Hz).
Sp. 1 (Spleen 1 ) Same as Sp. 2 Anti-depressant point, located on the outside
edge of the nail bed, in the corner of the base of the big toe nail.
Figure 23
Spleen 1. & Spleen 2.
Good for low energy and depressions
Page 62
STANDARD TREATMENT PROTOCOL
1. Explain the treatment to the individual and give information leaflet.
2. Assure individual of confidentiality
3. Obtain individuals signature for informed consent
4. Explain contra-indications and mini assessment to work out the correct
frequency and placement of Acu-pads.
5. Complete a treatment record sheet.
If all requirements have been met, proceed with treatment, explaining each
step as you go through the treatment protocol.
First Half of Treatment : Black Box #1
Stimulate up to 13 Acupuncture points on 1 ear.
Procedure.
Ask individual to lie flat on the treatment couch and relax.
Set up Black box for auricular treatment:
*Pulse frequency dial set at 10 Hz (pulses per second)
Pulse width dial set at 200 ms
*Set Mode at N. N = Constant
Insert one lead into box.
Attach one pad to one lead probe ( black) apply to L.i. 4. (if appropriate).
Relax your self and get in a comfortable position.
Hold the box in one hand, while being able to switch the device on and off
with index finger and thumb of the same hand. (Without looking at the box).
SEE DIAGRAM Page 64.
Page 63
Page 64
BLACK BOX, AURICULAR TREATMENT
Page 65
Wet the tip of the mini probe, after cleaning with sterilized wipe, and apply to
acu point on the ear.
Assuring individual being treated that the box is switched off.
Explain….:
‘Turning it up now, as soon as you feel something let me know’ it will feel like a
rapid tapping or a slight tingle/sting. (Acknowledge individual being treated).
Treat each point for up to 1 minute, at very low intensity.
Making sure client is comfortable.
Switch off between points, and at the end of auricular treatment.
Second half of Acu-Stim Treatment: Pulsed Therapy
Attach the treatment probe to an electrode pad and apply to the individuals opposite
acupuncture point L.I. 4 (on the other hand) if appropriate. One pad on
each hand.
Insert another lead into the box and attach 2 more pads to another set of body
acu-points (st36, sp6 or sp1&2)
Box No. 1. (30 minute pulsed treatment)
Set up:
*Pulse Frequency dial set at 2 Hz (2 pulses per second)
*Pulse width dial set at 200 ms
Set Mode at N. N = Normal /continuous
Explain what you are doing, e.g. ‘I am switching it on now’
First switch on the lead going to the hands , and say ‘let me know as soon as
you feel something’. Stop as soon as you reach sensory perception.
Page 66
Then switch on other output, lead attached to other master body points in the
same manor. Now switch to M =Modulation
Start timing now, for 30 minutes.
Black Box # 2
Set up:
*Set Pulse Frequency at 100Hz ( 100 Pulses per second)
*Set Pulse width at 200ms
Set Mode to N.
Insert 1 lead with bi-lateral auricular clips that have been wet before placing on
Jerome point 3 on the ears. Switch on and increase intensity until it is just felt by
the client. Now switch to M = Modulation
Make sure client is informed of what you are doing and comfortable at all
times.
ATTENTION ,CAVEAT: !
This is the: Standard/ Combination/Poly drug treatment protocol.
(SEE DIAGRAM Pg. 67 FOR PULSE FREQUENCY GUIDE)
Variations of this protocol should be used to suit each individuals condition
as per course instructions.
WARNING
No Treatments should be delivered by a practitioner who has not
been re-assessed every 12 months and or does not hold a current
A.S.T.A (Acu-Stim Therapist Associate) Certificate issued by Street
Talk SMS.T.
Page 67
Frequency Guide
Page 68
The following list of different frequencies follow a general rule. That is the
higher the number, the faster the pulse rate. Which will in turn trigger the
matching brain chemicals to either lift you up from a depressive state, 80-160
Hz / pulses per second and above, or relax and slow you down from a panic/
anxiety state; 10 or 2 Hz/ pulses per second and lower.
Through practice you will be able to tailor the frequency/pulses per second
to treat the presenting symptoms.
Brain Wave Patterns
Lambda: 80-160 Hz -Over stimulated
Beta: 13-30 Hz -Common awake state, outward awareness
Alpha: 7-13 Hz -Relaxed, not drowsy, meditative state
Theta: 3-7 Hz -Increased recall. Dream sleep, REM
(Rapid eye movement)
Delta: 1-3 Hz -Deep, dreamless sleep, trance
Page 69
DRUG WITHDRAWAL FREQUENCIES
Severe Opiate Withdrawal.
2 Hz & below- Delta
2 Hz or less should be used, if the device has that facility. This helps with sleep
insomnia and pain relief with fast relaxation, works like an opiate, producing
maximum endorphin release. Between 2 Hz and 3 Hz should be used if your patient
or client is receiving Naltraxone treatment, as some research suggests this
drug blocks endorphin release at frequencies below 2 Hz.
10 Hz. Alpha
The safest frequency, which balances with the earths magnetic field. This works
like a pain killer/analgesic or pick me up tonic. This can be used to stabilize the
whole system. Helping to create a relaxed, awake state. Can also be used for opiate
withdrawal. 10 Hz and 2 Hz are also used for cannabis, nicotine and benzodiazepine
withdrawal, in addition to all stress and anxiety states.
80 to 150Hz Lambda
Cocaine withdrawal/depression/low energy, as well as sleep problems. This is
usually mixed with a slow delta pulse to help trigger the release of serotonin and
endorphins.
100 Hz modulated and 2 Hz- Alternating (Lambda + Delta mixed)
Has been successful in treating poly drug use and withdrawal syndrome from
all substances and emotional states.
Page 70
Recap on Biophysical and Biochemical Medicine
The Bio-physical response is via balancing acupuncture points and meridians
through stimulation.
Auricular stimulation being the most effective for substance use/ withdrawal,
which is traditionally performed prior to applying the pulsed treatment.
The Bio-chemical response is delayed and can take between 10 to 20 minutes of
pulsed stimulation to begin.
The Frequency (Hz) alone triggers the release of various brain chemicals, e.g.
endorphins and serotonin.
Treatment is usually carried out in that order, e.g. by first treating the ear using
an Acu-stim probe, stimulating each point for up to 1 minute. The pulsed frequency
is not important here, although 10 Hz constant (N) and not modulating
(M) is comfortable and works very well.
The Second Half of the Treatment
After electrodes have been attached to various acupuncture points on the body
the correct pulse frequency is selected, the mode changed from N (constant) to
M (modulation) and the treatment is delivered for 30 minutes.
This is where the bio chemical response occurs, that is why attention to the frequencies
and output sensitivity used during a treatment is very important. It can
not be stressed enough that the lower the output current/intensity the more
powerful and long term the effects of treatment will be.
Page 71
Recap on Biophysical and Biochemical Medicine cont’d
When turning up the sensitivity control, very slowly, make sure the perception
level is not above the individuals sensory perception, as this treatment has also
worked well when subliminal. (Below the level of sensory perception)
Therefore, as soon as the person receiving the treatment can feel something like
a pulse, tapping or tingling etc… that is the appropriate level of intensity for
that person for the full half hour treatment.
Moreover, who ever is being treated should feel comfortable at all times, it is
the responsibility of the practitioner to keep checking this with the person they
are treating.
Page 72
It is important to set the scene to enable a good practitioner/client interaction
The most comfortable for the practitioner is to have the individual lay on their
back on a treatment couch which allows good access to one ear and a stable position
for the practitioner to see and treat clearly a set of acupuncture points.
Using the Black Box, Pro-Tens or similar device to stimulate auricular
acupuncture points:
Set pulse width to 200, pulse frequency to 10 Hz, timer on C for constant,
and mode on N for normal. Attach one lead to one output, leaving two bare
electrodes, one electrode (red or black) is used as a probe dipped in water before
applying to the ear. The other electrode can be attached to either an adhesive
electrode pad or one ear clip which is then attached to the individuals ear.
The device is held in one hand by the practitioner in such a way that the thumb
and second digit can turn the output up and down without taking their eyes off
the individuals ear. Leaving the other hand to hold the bare probe enabling the
practitioner to move comfortably between acupuncture points. Communicating
with the individual being treated while adjusting the amplitude/sensitivity is of
paramount importance. It is important to practice locating and treating these
points. This can be done by moving the probe slightly during treatment to find
a definite reaction. This will greatly increase the effectiveness of treatment.
In some cases relief is almost instantaneous. Great accuracy in locating the exact
point is required however, as the scope of the ear is small in relation to the
human body.
Page 73
Treating one ear is adequate for the type of treatment used to deliver Acu
Stim, as a full 30 minute pulsed treatment follows.
You will appreciate that searching the ear with the probe is not easy. There
is, as is usually the case, a knack to it. In this instance, when treating your
self, a mirror can be used. Searching for points using the probe with the aid
of a mirror should be done slowly and with care. With practice it will become
easier.
Acu points in the ear can become more tender and electrically active when
there is a need for treatment. In some instances a dysfunction in that part of
the body, organ, limb, joint or tissue that they represent may be indicated.
However, this is not to be used for any form of diagnostics, for any
concerns please advise client to see their G.P.
Other Auricular Treatment Methods
There are various ways in which the auricular clip electrodes can be used for
treatment. The clips may be placed on a number of different combinations
of auricular acupuncture points. Bilaterally using both ears, and unilaterally, using
one ear. This also depends on the shape and size of the individuals ears.
Sleep/Jerome point (Pt. #3) treated for stress/sleep pattern disturbance and
most withdrawal symptoms. Fears and Phobias, (Panic or Anger Management
points), (#4-5) front and back points can be treated simultaneously
using both ears Shen-men, (Pt. #8) St 36, (Pt. #6) Li 4, (Pt. #7)
can also be treated in this manner using multiple auricular clips.
Page 74
This treatment can be used for 30 minutes at a very low intensity or for 2 to
5 seconds turned up to as strong as the individual can take it without too
much discomfort. (With an experienced practitioner, good for severe cases.)
A method of applying semi-permanent acupressure treatment to
auricular points:
Any of the auricular anti-stress points can be treated using a suitable acupressure
device such as ‘mag dots’ or ‘Chinese seeds’ sold especially for this purpose.
The small steel balls come in small strips with a circular transparent
plaster. The effects of semi permanent acupressure treatment are always
greater when used over a sensitive or electrically active point.
These points can be located in several ways:
Electrically, using a sensitive volt meter or by locating the points that produce
a definite slight sting, or are more sensitive to touch. In addition to noting
the position of the intensity control switch. For example, if you only need to
turn it up slightly to get a reaction.
A mag dot or seed can be applied to the most sensitive acu point/s
The stomach and lung craving points, Zero point and Shen-men have given
good results to date, and are a good place to apply mag dots or seeds. Although
all points have been used, depending on individual differences, some
points will work better than others. Disposable wooden cocktail sticks help
with the application of seeds, which also takes practice.
Page 75
Meridian Source Points
The first Acu-point of each meridian begins at the end of the toes or the end
of the fingers.
Page 76
Acupuncture Meridian Abbreviations Index
Feet Points:
UB—Urinary Bladder Meridian ( 5th or little toes)
K—Kidney Meridian (5th or little toes)
GB—Gall Bladder Meridian (4th toes)
Hyu—Hachiyu (Stomach Branch) Meridian (3rd toes)
S—Stomach Meridian ( 2nd toes)
Lv—Liver meridian (1st or big toes)
Sp-Spleen- Pancreas Meridian ( 1st or big toes)
Hand Points:
Si—Small Intestine Meridian (4th digit or little finger)
H—Heart Meridian (4th digit or little finger)
TH- Triple Zone (Heater, Warmer) Meridian (3rd digit or finger)
Kyu—Kakuyu (Diaphragm) Meridian (2nd digit finger)
P- Pericardium Meridian (2nd digit or finger)
Li-Large Intestine Meridian (1st or index finger)
Lu- Lung Meridian (Thumb)
Page 77
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
Do not be afraid to make variations and adjustments to the treatment especially
if the individual being treated reports little change in the way they are feeling.
Very often it only takes a very small change in the way the Acu Stim. treatment is
set up to make the most dramatic difference to the results. Changes may be
made to the combination of points used, the frequency setting or looking more
carefully at the auricular treatment used.
The following notes offer a quick reference guide
Acute withdrawal: Always start with auricular treatment preferably using
auricular clips for speed of use. Ensure Shen-men 8,and lobe points 4 & 5 are
treated as well as 6 & 7on the ear.. l0 Hz can be used for this treatment setting.
Use points 11 & 12 for craving and apply mag dots to the most sensitive point
on the ear. Once some measure of relaxation has been achieved change the
frequency setting to 100Hz M EAR CLIPS, (one box) + 2Hz M BODY Li 4, St
36 and Sp 6 (2nd Box) for the full session. (As per training) A deeper effect
is obtained if the individual is left to relax OR SLEEP before getting off the
treatment couch.
Agitated: Use points 4 & 5 lobes and 8, shen men with Ear clips and Li4 St 36
with treatment frequency of Both boxes on10Hz M OR both on 2 Hz M.
Bowel upset: Use Li 4 with any frequency that is appropriate to the individuals
mental state. Both ear points can be used by applying the auricular clips to
points 6 and 7 on the ear.
 
Page 78
Cravings: Treat Lu and St points 11 & 12 using auricular probe and apply
mag dots to the most sensitive points.
Depression: Use adhesive electrodes around big toes to treat Spleen meridian
and choose treatment frequency of 100 Hz-M. If after several sessions
little change is noted this can be changed to 150 Hz-M. Mix with low 2 Hz-M
Migraine: GB Meridian treatment 4th toe , at all frequencies.
Panic attacks: Use auricular points 8, 4 & 5 with clips 2Hz-M and Big toes
sp1 & 2 also on 2Hz-M.
Sleep is poor: Use the points Sp 6 while using frequency of 2 Hz-M 2nd
box ear clips. + 100Hz-M
Stomach cramps: treat St meridian with self adhesive pads around 2nd toe.
10Hz-M
Page 79
DEFINITIONS
CNS (Central Nervous System): brain and spinal cord, whose primary function
it is to integrate and co-ordinate all body functions and behavior.
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System): is made up of nerve fibers and sends information
to the CNS from the outside world, muscles, organs and sends messages
from the CNS to all the muscles and glands of the body.
NS (Nervous System): complicated network of electrical and chemical events.
Two of the main types of cells it contains are glial cells & neurons.
Neuron: a brain cell that processes and transmits information, i.e., receives, responds
to and sends messages. There are 3 main types - sensory (responds directly
to external stimuli, e.g. light, sound, touch): motor (carry messages from
CNS to muscles and glands): association (transmit messages to other neurons,
i.e. integrates motor and sensory).
Glial Cells: supply nutrients and structural support to neurons, directing their
growth; insulate neurons and remove debris left over following the death of a
cell which provides the brain with a barrier to certain substances from the
blood stream (thereby protecting the brain from harmful substances sometimes
carried in the blood).
Neurotransmitter: chemical messengers, between 10 & 100,000 ~ molecules,
are found in synaptic vesicles. They have excitatory and/or inhibitory effects
on a receiving neuron.
De-activation: effect of a neurotransmitter brought to an end when destroyed
by special enzymes (uncommon).
.
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Re-uptake: neurotransmitters pumped back up into neuron. If a drug inhibits
this process, then the neurotransmitter remains in the synaptic cleft for longer
and continues to stimulate the post synaptic receptor site.
Dopamine: inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in voluntary movements,
learning, memory and sexual arousal.
Serotonin: inhibitory neurotransmitter with a role in emotional arousal and
sleep. Deficiencies linked to anxiety, mood, insomnia.
Nor-epinephrine (nor-adrenaline): acts as a neurotransmitter and a
hormone. Speeds up heart rate as well as other bodily processes involved in
general arousal. Used in learning, memory and inhibition of eating (e.g. amphetamine
increases the amount of nor-epinephrine that is released and has an
inhibiting or slowing down effect on digestion).
Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid (GABA): inhibitory neurotransmitter
found in NS and concentrated in the brain. Involved in the modulation of
anxiety.
Endorphins: inhibitory, morphine like substance which lock into a receptor
site and thereby prevent neurotransmitters from occupying the same receptor
site. Relieves pain.
Psychoactive: any chemical compound which alters perception and behavior
by changing conscious awareness.
Tolerance: users need to take increased amounts of the same drugs to achieve
the same initial effect.
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Dependence (physical): the body cannot do without a drug because it has adjusted
to it and becomes dependent on the presence of that particular drug.
Dependence (psychological): user feels compelled to continue taking a drug
(for its pleasurable effects) even though the body is not physically dependent on
the drug’s presence. Deprivation of the drug may produce anxiety.
Depressants: depress neural activity, slows down bodily functions, induce
calmness and produces sleep.
Stimulants: temporarily excite neural activity and arouse bodily functions, enhance
positive feelings and heighten alertness. Increase transmission of nerve
impulses. Both amphetamine and cocaine facilitate the release of norepinephrine
(associated with increased energy) and dopamine (associated with
euphoria) and inhibit its re-uptake, which can account for the persistent state of
arousal.
Opiates: derived from the opium poppy, one constituent of which is morphine
from which codeine and heroin can be extracted. They are analgesics. Brain’s
own opiates (endorphins) stimulate opiate receptors ).
Hallucinogens (psychedelics): have mind expanding effects. Chemical structure
closely resembles dopamine and serotonin. As a result of competition between
these neurotransmitters and hallucinogen molecules, dream mechanisms
may be activated, producing ’waking dreams’/hallucinations.
Page 82
Cultural Recipes: for substance use, tell people what, how much, when and
how to use in order to become healthy, socially inhibited, high or whatever
other result is required. People learn to use substances through learning these
recipes and developing a taste for the effects they make possible. Positive and
negative sanctions reinforce these provisions.
Sanctions: societies enforce rules for substance use (positive and negative) by
formal rules (state and other official bodies) as well as informal rules (approval/
disapproval, awarding/withholding status/acceptance, respect, etc).
Sub-culture: groups that deviate from the standards of the dominant culture
but have positive sanctions and benefits from peers.
Micro-environment: the individual’s immediate environment, e.g. family,
friends, school/work, neighborhood, peers, etc.
Macro-environment: culture, ethnicity, religion, legal system, societal values,
music/popular culture, class, social deprivation, media, etc. Both micro and
macro-environments overlap and have a two way cause and effect.
Social Learning Theories: believes that behaviors are learned and that they
are, therefore, able to be unlearned. Such theories include CBT (Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy), Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning.
CBT: by changing the negative automatic thoughts and prejudicial beliefs, the
individual could learn new ways of thinking, thus feeling and reacting.
Page 83
Classical Conditioning: developed by Pavlov (dogs). The stimulus is an external
factor that is perceived by an individual. The response is behavior or feelings
that are produced by the individual as a reaction to the stimulus, i.e. the
stimulus brings the response. By presenting an unconditioned stimulus alongside
another stimulus many times over, the individual will produce a
conditioned response (the same as the unconditioned response) to the conditioned
stimulus.
Operant Conditioning: developed by Skinner (rats). A behavior is maintained
or stopped as a result of the consequence of that behavior. The behavior is reinforced
either negatively (avoidance of unpleasant consequences) or positively
(pleasant consequences). Positive punishment is directly unpleasant, e.g. pain,
negative punishment is being denied something pleasant.
Behavior is determined by consequences of actions (positive and negative).
Socio-economic factors: are associated in different ways with patterns and levels
of drug use, e.g. causal links between extreme deprivation, childhood problems
and delinquency but also result from people with higher disposable incomes
(employment status).
Locus of Control (LOC): an individual’s generalized expectancy regarding the
forces that determine rewards and punishments. Internal LOC are events that
result from an individual’s own action (responsibility) while an external LOC are
events that result from external factors. (blaming)
Page 84
DON’T GIVE UP GIVING UP
DRUGS LEAFLET
DRUG TAKING: including Smoking and Alcohol consumption.
1. PREPARING TO STOP
DO YOU REALLY WANT TO STOP?
Here is a checklist of reasons for giving up. Tick the reasons that apply to you. You may
want to add your own.
A. I want to improve my health.
B. I don’t want my children to become addicts.
C. I’m afraid of dying prematurely.
D. I don’t like being addicted.
E. I……………………….
F. I………………………
G. I…………………
2. GET READY
To be really ready to stop you need to tackle any problems or excuses. Make a list of reasons
why you take drugs.
I take drugs/smoke/drink alcohol because…………….
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Etc, etc.
Page 85
Look at the following list. Do any of them apply to you?
I don’t want to put on weight
Some people do gain weight when they give up, but many don’t. Once you’ve kicked the habit
you should have more energy and feel fitter so losing a few pounds, if you need to, should be
fairly easy. Remember you’ve got the rest of your life to work on eating healthily and taking
regular exercise.
Drugs help me cope with stress
All drugs actually cause more stress, they only make you feel calm because you’re attached to
them. Break the addiction/attachment and you will feel less stressed.
I don’t have any will power
Will power is like a muscle – you can build it up. Will power just means wanting something
badly enough.
I’m worried about withdrawal
You may experience tiredness, depression, irritability, anxiety, sleeplessness, aches, pains, and flu
like symptoms, but these symptoms don't usually last more than a few weeks. You can help
yourself by using natural therapies such as acupuncture, Acu -stimulation, shiatsu, meditation,
herbal teas and any relaxation techniques you may find beneficial.
IT’S TOO LATE – THE DAMAGE IS PROBABLY DONE
The risk from taking drugs builds up; so the sooner you stop the better. As soon as you give
up, the risk of serious disease starts going down and the body will begin its own repair program.
I’d rather just cut down gradually
Cutting down means you are constantly thinking about your next hit. Which can make withdrawal
symptoms worse. Try to stop completely on day one, N.B. after consulting your
G.P. WARNING: Methadone, Alcohol, Barbiturates Antidepressants; Benzodiazepines and
other prescribed drugs may need to be reduced gradually.
Page 86
It isn’t the right time
There are bad times to stop – when you’re under particular stress, for example. But it’s easy to
use this as an excuse. If you’ve read this far you’re probably ready to try.
If you’re ready to stop, make an action plan
Decide when you’re going to stop.
Get rid of your drugs, ashtrays and paraphernalia the night before. Let trusted friends and family
know that you’re giving up – and don’t forget you can call confidential phone numbers for
information and support. And attend any N.A. or other helpful organizations.
Break the habit – you may need to change your routine for a while. Think about using a replacement
therapy if available.
3. STOPPING
Getting through the first days
If you need to put something in your mouth, try sugar free chewing gum – keep it healthy and
non – fattening. If you need to do something with your hands, find something to fiddle with –
a pencil, coin or ring. Anything not associated with your drug.
Try drinking juice or eating fruit when you feel like using.
Congratulate yourself – every day you do without drugs/smoking/alcohol is a big achievement.
TAKE ONE DAY AT A TIME…
It’s a cliché, but it works. Make your goal to get through today without taking anything. It is easier
to do this each morning than to worry about how you will manage without drugs, smoking
or alcohol for the rest of your life.
4. STAYING STOPPED
Am I no longer an addict? You’re getting there, but this is a dangerous time.
Here are some do’s and don’ts to help you stay stopped.
Page 87
Do stay positive. If you feel tempted remember how far you have come – and why.
Do ring for information and support. N.A & A.A.
There are also counselors to talk you through the hard times.
Do keep busy. Boredom can lower your will power.
Do learn to, relax and deal with stress. Set aside some quiet time each day – just five minutes of
deep breathing will help.
Do take some exercise. Even a short walk. Don’t let drug taking/using, “friends” tempt you.
Walk away.
Don’t tell your self that ‘just one won’t hurt’, or ‘I’ll just have one to prove I’ve kicked it’. That’s
how you become addicted again.
FREE AT LAST!
One day you will wake up and realize that you went the whole of the previous day without even
thinking about drugs/smoking/alcohol.
You’ve made it. You’ve begun your life as a drug free person.
WHAT IF I’VE USED AGAIN?
No problem, it’s a natural cycle of stages, if your thinking about stopping again; you’re already
at stage 2.
Don’t give up giving up!
Start again and make today a new day. You can start your day over any time you want.
Think about why you used and how you can avoid the same situation in future.
If you really feel you’re not ready to stay stopped, then have a break. Keep this paper and try
again when you feel ready.
Remember:
It is very rare for someone to stay stopped on the first try. But it is possible.
Page 88
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For further information contact Nick Segal:
Email: acustimtraining@aol.com
Web: www.acustimtraining.co.uk
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ACU- STIM TREATMENT ASSESSMENT FORM
Completed by practitioner for client.
First & last initials, & DOB:……….,……….,/……/……./
1. Reason for seeking Acu-Stim Treatment ………………………..
2. Unfortunately clients fitted with pacemakers and women during the first 3
months of pregnancy are not able to receive a standard treatment.
a. Do you have a pacemaker? Y/N
b. Are you, or do you suspect you may be, pregnant? Y/N
c. Have you ever been diagnosed as epileptic or had a seizure? Y/N
3. Are you affected by any of the following? Y/N
On a scale of: 0 to 9. 0 = Not at all. 5 = Sometimes & 9. = Frequently
Stress. 0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
Anxiety. 0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
Panic/Fear. or attacks. 0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
Hyperactivity. 0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
Sleep disturbance. 0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
Depression. 0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
Lethargy/Low energy. 0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
4. Are you on any prescribed medication? Y/N
If so, what?………………………….
5. Any substance use? Past or present Y/N/What…………………………..
6. Any Significant past illnesses or operations? Y/N
e.g. metal plates or pins, DVT’s, Cancers.
7. Any current serious illnesses. Y/N
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